Author: John Frankola, Vista Investment Management
Covestor models: Core Holding, Core Equity
Concerns over slowing economic growth across the globe produced a significant correction for virtually all major stock markets in the third quarter. The S&P 500 Index lost about 14% during the third quarter and has lost approximately 17% from its 2011 high, which occurred on April 29. The Russell 2000 Index of small companies and the MSCI EAFE International Index suffered even greater third quarter losses than the S&P 500. The U.S. stock market has retreated for five consecutive months, with each month’s decline becoming progressively greater.
While the global economy was struggling going into the third quarter, the inability to favorably resolve budget and debt problems in both Europe and the U.S. has seemed to erode consumer, business, and investor confidence. The Greek debt crisis remains in the news on a daily basis, currently without a solution. The failure of the U.S. Congress to address budget issues, the debacle over increasing the U.S. debt ceiling, and the downgrade of U.S. debt by Standard & Poor’s all contributed to U.S. market’s steep decline. The problems in reaching an agreement on the debt ceiling highlighted the ineffectiveness of Congress in dealing with important economic issues. More so than in most time periods, the global economy is currently dependent on politicians and bureaucrats to act forcefully and intelligently. Policy decisions currently in the hands of government officials will have a significant impact on the global economy over the next year.
The steep market correction also reflects that many investors now believe that the U.S. has either entered another recession, or will shortly enter one. There is an old Wall Street adage that says that the market has predicted 12 of the last 5 recessions. In a number of instances, the market has declined in anticipation of a recession; however, most of those recessions never materialized. For example, in the summer of 2010, the market suffered a sharp decline on fears of a double-dip recession, which never occurred. The economy continued to expand and the market recovered strongly. The stock market also suffered major corrections in 1998, 2003, and 2005 due to fears of a possible recession, none of which happened.
Unfortunately, the gains from the bottom of last year’s market correction have largely evaporated as recession fears are again unnerving investors. This pattern of short-term volatility combined with poor long-term returns has lead many investors to believe that market-timing is a viable strategy for generating returns – or at least avoiding losses. However, this strategy is fraught with danger, since predicting the events which cause market movements is virtually impossible.
The Pittsburgh Business Times’ August 26-September 1, 2011 issue documented the City of Pittsburgh Pension board’s ill-fated attempt to time the market. In August 2010, when the market was down and fears of a recession loomed, the board unanimously voted to sell all of its stock holdings on the advice of its investment consultants. At the time, the plan was invested 60% in stocks and 40% in bonds. After selling all of its equities last summer, the plan continued to hold no stocks until March 1, 2011. By then the market had recovered significantly and recessionary fears had faded. Between March 1, and March 31, 2011, the plan reestablished a 60% exposure to stocks. Of course, as is now apparent, the market timing strategy resulted in selling low and buying high. The Pittsburgh Business Times estimates that the strategy cost the pension plan up to $35 million, compared with having remained at a 60% stock and 40% bond mix throughout the entire period.
Much of the selling that occurs during a market correction is based on emotion. After seeing a decline in market values, some investors become fearful that further losses will occur. This fear, and in some instances panic, will result in selling without any regard to the underlying value of the investments. For long-term investors who focus on the value of companies, there is no reason to sell undervalued positions, and if cash is available, a market correction usually presents an opportunity to buy. For example, renowned investor Warren Buffett, commented to Bloomberg Television that he had purchased approximately $4 billion of equities during the third quarter as the lower market presented attractive values.
During market corrections, it takes a stronger resolve on the part of long-term investors to stick with an investment strategy. With the decline in market value, long-term performance is eroded and investors lose confidence in equities as a long-term investment vehicle. However, despite the negative news, we believe there are a number of reasons for owning equities:
1. Stocks appear to be undervalued compared with their long-term earnings potential, dividends, and other valuation metrics. For example, the S&P 500 is trading at just 11 times forward earnings, significantly below its historical average.
2. Earnings for U.S. companies are at record levels. While the S&P 500 Index trades at approximately the same level that it was 10 years ago, earnings for the index have increased from $38.85 in 2001 to an estimated $98 for 2011.
3. Cash on corporate balance sheets is at record levels; balance sheets are in great shape. Treasury Strategies, a consulting firm, reported that corporate cash now stands at $2.05 trillion, 4.5% higher than the previous quarter, and 46% higher than in March 2009.
4. Stocks generate more income than bonds. The dividend yield of the S&P 500 is over 2% as of early October. Bonds and Treasuries look less attractive in comparison.
5. Expectations for stocks and the economy have declined significantly in recent months. If a recession does not develop, we believe stocks are likely to rally as they did in the fourth quarter of 2010.
6. Politicians are likely to take actions that will boost stock prices. We are currently in the third year of the presidential cycle. The third year is generally by far the best performing year of the four-year presidential cycle, probably due to actions intended to stimulate the economy and markets prior to the presidential election in the fourth year.
Without a doubt, economic conditions are very weak in Europe and the U.S., and another recession is possible. However, much of this economic weakness is the result of market behavior, which should have positive long-term consequences. Consumer demand is soft because individuals are saving rather than borrowing and spending. Banks are no longer lending to unqualified borrowers. Unemployment is high in many areas due to layoffs in the bloated public sector. Long-term funding and spending issues regarding entitlement programs are finally being addressed. The road to a stronger economy and higher stock prices is likely to be unpredictable with many ups and downs. However, there are many constructive factors in place, which we believe should eventually lead to a positive outcome for patient, long-term oriented investors.
